*LeMay, Ohio State에서 4학년 말이 되어갈 때, Army Air Corps에 들어가는 데에 문제가 있다는 걸 알게 됨. 처음 두 해 동안 일하느라 아침 수업을 듣지 못했는데, 그때 못들은 것 중 an engineering course entitled Railroad Curves. 거의 깨어 있지 못했던… 여하간 그래서 졸업을 위해 필요한 학점중 15학점이 부족했다.
He found those curves so soporific he flunked the course two semesters in a row.
- soporific: 최면성의
He was an honor graduate in ROTC. And sometimes honor graduates could win regular Army commissions after which they could apply for whatever branch of the Army they might prefer. In his case, the Air Corps.
- Honor graduates(일종의 우수 졸업생)는 정규군 임관 자격을 얻을 수 있었다. Branch 상관 없이. 육군 내의 병사/부서 무관하게 맡을 수 있었던 것. 그 당시는 공군이 독립된 상태가 아니어서, 그의 경우 Air Corps였던 것. 일종의 항공단.
Because he had won honors in ROTC, he was awarded a reserve commission on June 14, 1928.
- reserve commission: 예비역 임관을 받는 것으로 민간인 신분으로 일하면서 직장을 가질 수 있고 그러면서 장교 직위 유지 가능.
*It was hard to see, however, what good that would do him.
- what의 역할은 의문사 명사절/의문형용사 로, ‘얼마나 좋은 것을 그것이 그에게 해줄 지’ 알기는 어려웠다.
- 주어 that + would do + what good + (to) him
- 여기서 him은 간접목적어로 쓰였고, what이 직접목적어인데, good이 후치수식함.
Reserve officers는 공군에 들어가는 데 7번째 순위. 사실상 들어가기 어려웠음.
그러다가 National Guard members는 공군 들어가는 리스트에서 2위임을 알게 됨. 그리고 Ohio commander of the National Guard의 오피스는 Columbus, 국회의사당 길 건너편에 있었다. 르메이는 이전에 그 commander를 만난 적이 있었음(직위 brigadier general)
곧장 지휘관에게 감. “I want to get up on the eligibility list, to get into the Air Corps flying school.”
After ascertaining that the young man already had a Reserve commission, he offered to take him into the Guard, not as a private, but as an ammunition officer—second lieutenant.
- 곧장 르메이를 national guard로 데려가서 ammunition officer(탄약을 담당하는 소위—장교직)제안.
- 여기서 ‘not as a private’에서 ‘private’은 이등병을 말한다.
르메이는 이를 거절하고 그냥 list에 이름을 올리는 것으로 충분하다고 했는데, 그건 그가 육군이 아니라 공군 flying school를 지망했기 때문.
The two of them walked across the street to the State House where LeMay forthwith received a commission as a second lieutenant in the National Guard, and a lesson on how to get things done in the Army.
- State House: ‘주 청사’를 의미함. 주 방위군(National Guard) 임관 절차가 이루어지는 곳. list에 이름을 올리기 위해 들어간 the National Guard에서 second lieutenant로 임관을 받고, 군대에서의 일을 배운 장소이다. 그런데 여기서 군대에서의 일이란 단순히 일처리가 아니라 ‘군대에서 일이 어떻게 이루어지는 지(연줄+요령)’를 배웠다는 뉘앙스가 포함되어 있다.
여기서 르메이는, 주 방위군으로서 공군 비행 학교에 가기 위한 지원서를 냈고, 지루하게 결괄르 기다렸다. 6월부터 9월까지 기다렸다.
They had paid two fifty each.라고 하면 둘이 각각 2.5달러(2달러 50센트)씩 낸 것.
And during his summer of waiting he managed to wangle a few short flights with a Reserve pilot at Norton Field, near Columbus. (201)
- wangle: 얻다, 꾀어서 얻어 내다, 해내다
As that summer of 1928 wore on, LeMay became less confident day by day that he would ever get into flying school. (202)
- wear on: (시간이) 더디게 흘러가다
If he wasn’t chosen for it[flying school], he intended not only to activate his National Guard career, but also to resume his studies at Ohio State and make up the credits he needed for a degree.
- 비행학교에 입학하지 못하는 경우 그는 national guard에 휴가 내던 것 취소하고 복무 시작하면서 대학에서 학점 채우기 위해 수업 들어야 하는 상황
But it was now September and he would have to register by the 28th or 29th if he wanted to take the necessary courses during the fall term. He couldn’t afford to put down the money for his fees if he was going to be there for only a month or so. (202)
- 가을 학기 신청은 9월 28/29일까지 해야 하고, 만약 그가 거기 있다가 비행 학교 붙어서 이동하면 1달이나 뭐 그정도 다닐텐데, 그걸 위해 낼 돈은 없었다.
- put down: (돈) 지불하다, 선불로 내다, 예치하다. 선금으로, 등록금으로 내다.
- 등록금으로 낼 돈을 선불로 내야 하는데 그럴 형편이 되지 못했다.
Chapter 13
Al Smith, a Democrat and a Roman Catholic, was running in the face of “Republican” prosperity and deeply imbedded religious bigotry.
- bigotry: 심한 편견
“I voted for Hoover because Hoover was a fraternity brother.”
- 같은 전국 단위의 사교클럽(프래터니티, Greek-letter society)에 소속된 동문
He has also recalled that he used to argue with his father at the dinner table because his father, an impecunious working man, quite naturally espoused a more liberal, labor-union point of view.
- impecunious: 무일푼의
His[Harding’s] political creed was one he didn’t have to preach to his fellow Ohioans. Most of them already professed it. Harding was for American, first, last, and always, and like most Republicans, he was absolutely opposed to the nation’s “foreign entanglement” in the newly formed League of Nations as he was to that menacing foreign ideology, communism, which might soon come leaping across the Atlantic from Russia.
#생략
The political orthodoxy LeMay absorbed as a boy in Ohio included quite naturally a strong disapproval of communism and made him receptive to the growing rage against it exemplified by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer’s “red scare” of 1919.
- 지리적 배경의 사고: 공산주의에 대한 강한 반감 갖게 했고, 그가 공산주의에 대한 커져가는 반감을 수용하게 만들었음à즉 공산주의에 대한 반감에 공감했음.
- 그 분노는 A. Mitchell Palmer의 “red scare”에 잘 드러나 있음. (공산주의자에 대한 사회적 분노는, 팔머 법무장관의 Red Scare에 잘 드러나 있다.)
*about the concept of communism, according to Mark Sullivan (social commentator)
“[…]it denied the validity of many of the social and family relationships that in other countries were sanctified; it denied religion. . . .”
- sanctify: 신성하게 하다, 축성하다, 정당화하다
Lest the lower classmen become too comfortable in these tents, there was always the hazing by the upper classmen, who were eager to visit revenge upon their juniors for the indignities their now-departed seniors had previously visited upon them.
- hazing: (특히 신입생·신참에 대한) 신고식, 괴롭힘, 가혹 행위. 보통 장난과 모욕을 섞어서 “통과 의례”처럼 함
- 상위반 친구들이 항상 신참들 괴롭힘
- 상위반 친구들은 신참들에게 복수하러 옴, 이제 시니어가 된 이들이 자기들한테 했던 것과 같은 독창성(독창적인 괴롭힘, 장난 방법)을 가지고
- indignity: 모욕, 치욕
- 이제 떠나간 선배들이 이전에 그들에게 했던 것과 같은 모욕
- revenge upon … for -: …에게 복수하다, -에 대해서
LeMay at that time was a very slender fellow who weighed only 135 pounds, due partly, perhaps, to the daily fare in the March Field cadet mess hall, but he was sustained through that first month by the sight of those planes on the flight line.
- 135 pounds = 61.2kg
- daily fare: 매일 나오는 음식 (fare = 음식), cadet mess hall(생도 식당)
- March Field (location)
- he was sustained 버텼다 through that first month 그 첫 달 내내
- sustain: 버티게 하다, 지탱하다, 유지시키다
Before he could come to a stop, his propeller was chewing its way into the wing of a third cadet’s PT-3.
- PT-3: 미 육군항공대에서 쓰던 Primary Trainer-3 훈련기를 뜻함.
- chew its way: -을 씹으며 나아가다, 즉 여기서는 프로펠러가 다른 비행기의 날개를 찢으며, 파고드는 장면을 표현함.
The Air Corps believed in putting every one of its cadets on notice that if he were to get himself killed, his epitaph would be “Pilot Error.” (211)
- epitaph: a phrase or form of words written in memory of a person who has died, especially as an inscription on a tombstone
- believe in -ing: -하는 방식을 옳다고 생각하다, 중시하다. (그 방식이 옳다고 믿어 그것을 실행에 옮겼다는 맥락까지 포괄하기 때문에 이런 뜻이 된다.)
- put someone on notice: -에게 경고하다, 주의를 주다.
- 항공단은 모든 교육생에게 -라고 경고하는 것을 중시했다.
With so many cadets washing out (only half of LeMay’s class graduated, even though it later proved to be an exceptionally outstanding group), one might suppose that LeMay’s accident alone would be enough to eliminate him, but while the Air Crops liked to place official blame on cadets for accidents, the actual evaluation of a cadet’s work was much more broadly based.
- 실제로 훈련생의 일에 대한 평가는 훨씬 더 다양한/넓은 분야에 기초하고 있었다. (평가는 훨씬 더 폭넓게 이루어졌다)
Flying was not fun for LeMay. It was work.
ㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋ
He loved to hunt and fish and practice his marksmanship.
- marksmanship: the skill of accurately and consistently hitting a target with a projectile weapon, like a firearm or bow
When they weren’t flying, LeMay was a mess officer and Griswold was a maintenance officer[.]
- mess officer: 식당 장교 (mess hall의 운영 책임자)
- maintenance officer: 정비 장교
The most exciting incident he can remember happened one winter day when LeMay put some newspapers in the fireplace. They plugged up the flue and almost burned the house down.
- the flue란 벽난로의 연기를 밖으로 빼내는 굴뚝 안의 통로(연기 배출관)을 말한다.
They[The Brethren camp] would as soon tough as eat, and if there was no one else to fight, they would gladly fight each other.
- as soon A as B: A하겠다, B하느니 = A하기가 쉽다, B하는 것만큼.
이 쓸모없어 보이는 업무에서도 르메이는 이후, 리더십에 필요한 것들을 경험했다고 고백했다. (물론 그래도 그 일은 지루했고 르메이가 좋아하진 않았다)
He had, however, two consolations. The first arose from Major Brett’s annoyance at seeing his pilots sent out into the sticks on assignments that could hardly be expected to maintain their flying efficiency. (221-222)
He[Gatty] familiarized his students with such instruments as gyroscopes artificial horizons, and periodic compasses. He put them “under the hood” for simulated instrument flight. And he tried to teach them celestial navigation, but with only qualified success.
- Gatty: an instructor in Rockwell Field
- gyroscope가 이때부터 있었나 봄. (활용에 적용된 것은 좀 더 이후? 아마도)
- 기계로만 조작하는 비행을 시뮬레이션 해보도록 했고, 천체 비행도 시도. 하지만 ‘only qualified success.’
- ‘under the hood’는 ‘(자동차) 보닛 아래에’라는 뜻이고, 이를 풀어 ‘이면을 보다’는 의미로도 쓰이는데, 여기서는 정말로 학생들의 머리에 후드를 씌워서 외부 시야를 차단하고, 계기 보고 비행하도록 한 것임. 그리고 별, 태양 등 이용한 항법 가르치려고 했지만 제한적으로 성공함.
“[…] I was so hot-and-bothered about the whole thing.”
- hot and bothered: 열받고, 안달난. (보통 감정적으로 격앙되거나 초조하고 안달하는 상황)
*navigation school 마침. – 그간 Helen을 잘 만나지 못했던 LeMay는 Cleveland에 가서 관계를 지속 및 발전시키고자 했는데, 그녀가 약혼을 한 거임.
Thus began, on February 19, 1934, one of the greatest fiascoes in the history of the Army Air Corps. Though Foulois’s pilots had no such experiences as he claimed, they soon would have. And twelve of them would be dead as a result. (225)
Foulois의 주장에 따르면 그런 경험을 한 파일럿은 없었는데, 그들은 곧 그런 경험을 하게 될 것이었다. 그들 중 12명이 결과적으로 죽었다. (의회 선서에서 할 수 있다고 말하면서 이야기한 것을 두고.)
Chapter 14
He was able to relax thereafter about the prospects of being dislocated, but not about the details of the wedding. “Never before had I realized that there was so much to the mere mechanical process of getting married. For complication, the airmail wasn’t in it. Whenever I was in touch with Helen—which was as frequently as could be managed—I was notified concerning major crises which ensued about every two hours, and minor ones every five minutes.” (226)
- For complication, 복잡함으로 따지자면
- the airmail wasn’t in it: 항공메일은 비교조차 되지 않았다
- I was notified 나는 통보를 받았다 concerning major crises 주요 위기에 대해 which ensued about every two hours 약 두 시간마자 한 번씩 이어지는 and minor ones every five minutes 그리고 사소한 위기, 5분마다.
“I think her mother looked upon me with dark suspicion, because I was impecunious youngster in the fly business; […]” (227)
- impecunious: 동전 한 푼 없는, 무일푼의
With only five days of freedom, and not much money, they had decided to forego a honeymoon trip. (228)
- forego(forgo): 하고싶은 것을 포기하다
Helen was so eager to make that house a home she couldn’t wait. (228)
- Helen은 너무나도 그 집을 home으로(따뜻한 보금자리가 되는 집) 만들고 싶어 기다릴 수가 없었다.
Then one day the adjutant called Curt into his office.
- adjutant: (군대) 부관
Curt made Helen stand and watch with bated breath while their car was lowered into the hold.
- with bated breath: to hold one’s breath in anticipation or trepidation.
- hold: 배의 화물칸, 선창을 뜻함
It was a new, cream-colored Auburn sports coupe with orange wheels. Not the kind of jalopy one would want to see scratched. Curt LeMay had come a long way from his first Model T Ford.
- coupe: 2 door 승용차. 흔히 ‘쿠페’라고 하지만 영어식 발음은 ‘ku:p’ or ‘ku:pei’
- jalopy: 고물차, 낡은 차
Hawaii에 2년 머물면서 비행 학교 세우고, 이후 1936년 크리스마스가 되기 전, 다시 본국으로 귀환. (1935년 3월에 승진해서 first lieutenant가 된 상태)
- first lieutenant: Second Lieutenant 위, Captain 아래인 계급. 소위와 대위 아래로 중위라고 보면 된다. 중대급, 소규모 부대를 보좌하는 장교 내지는 대위 진급 전의 초급 장교다.
하와이에 있을 때 르메이는 폭격기 조종수가 전투기 조종수보다 중요하다는 생각을 했다. 전투기는 기본적으로 방어, 폭격기는 공격이었다. ‘an offensive weapon’
After the war[WW I], he[Bob Olds] became an aide to General Billy Mitchell, the maverick airman who was eventually banished from the Army for his strident advocacy of air power.
- maverick: 개성이 강한 사람, 기존 규범에 얽매이지 않고 혁신적으로 행동하는 인물
Boeing에서 처음으로 공군에 지급한/배달한 모델이 B-17.
*The General Headquarters Air Force functions under the direct control of the Army General Staff. And it is one of the plans to weaken the air-power zealots.
- ‘Army General Staff?’: 육군 참모 본부.
- 공군은 육군 휘하에 속해 있었음.
- air-power zealot: 공군 광인들… 그러니까 공군 광신도. 빌리 미첼의 후계자들?
But this plan of weakening the air-power zealots hadn’t worked because, through some inadvertence, one of the most zealous of the zealots, Maj. Gen. Frank M. Andrews, had been put in command of the GHQ Air Force.
- inadvertence: 부주의, 태만, 소홀 (oversight)
- zealous: 열성적인
But the Air Corps would not be allowed to conduct its own reconnaissance in search of the ship. (236)
- reconnaissance: (군사적인 목적의) 정찰
The Air Corps contingent, led by the eight Flying Fortresses of the GHQ’s Second Bomb Group, flew to California in early August and settled in at the Oakland Airport, which was about as close as they could get to the ocean.
- contingent: 분견대, 파견대
LeMay said, “I don’t know sir. I think we got to where they were supposed to be. I’m in the process of checking it out. I just now took some celestial shots.”
After finishing his calculations he announced, “We weren’t very far off. Maybe two or three miles.”
“How do you know that’s right?”
“If it’s right,” he said, pointing to his chart, “here’s where we are now. And we’re headed straight for San Francisco.”
Still angry, he swung on his heel and went back to the cockpit.
And he[LeMay] offered his opinion as to the deployment of the seventy-three elderly ships anchored off the atoll which were to be the targets. The Navy, still eager to prove that it could survive even atomic bombs dropped from airplanes, wanted to position all the ships bow-on to the explosion, and empty of cargo, thus diminishing their vulnerability. (256)
공군의 독일: July 26, 1947.
October 1, 1947: LeMay received this third star (the youngest lieutenant general in the Air Force)
- 러시아에서 독일 보호 위해 유럽으로(257)
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