르메이, 괌으로 이동, 한셀을 대체함.

[chapter 9]

1945년 1월 19일, 르메이는 괌에 도착함.

- Hansell의 본부로 오라는 지시로, 당시 참모장은 Lauris Norstad(=Hap Arnold’s top aide and agent)

 

With LeMay’s orders came a directive that he was to fly around Japanese-held territory on his way to Guam. But when he realized he’d have to fly almost to Australia to do that, he decided to hell with it. He chose a copilot and four of five staff officers, piled them into a B-29, and flew across China, with one stop a Chengtu, on an almost straight line to Guam, skirting the southern coast of Japanese-held Formosa.

- directive: 지시, 명령, 훈령

- Formosa: 대만을 뜻함. 옛 명칭.

 

 

Hansell, who knew him[Arnold] well, hadn’t missed any of the nuances of his impatience. Like Norstad, Hansell was one of Arnold’s “boys,” that coterie of brilliant young officers—including Larry Kuter, Rosey O’Donnell, Charles Cabell, and others—who had served on his staff and were expected to make almost impossible jobs look almost easy.

- coterie: (흥미나 활동을 공유하면서 다른 사람들에게는 배타적인 소규모) 집단[그룹]

 

 

[a letter from Norstad to Hansell]

I knew you would worry about the Chief’s feelings at that time since you know him well enough to realize he would be very much keyed up until the first show was over. He was impatient, but his impatience was directed against the circumstances and not against you. You were not “on the pan” at any time. […] After he had indicated that he was disturbed, I made a statement to the effect that I didn’t think it a good thing to put the heat on you under the circumstances. He replied. “Who said anything about putting the heat on Possum?”

- keyed up: 흥분한, 긴장한, 신경이 곤두선 상태

- directed against: ~을 향해 있는, ~을 겨냥한

- on the pan: 구어체 표현. “being judged harshly, under blame/criticism, 시험대에 오른 상태” 정도.

- he was disturbed: 동요했다, 마음이 불편했다, 신경이 쓰였다.

- I made a statement to the effect that ~: “…라는 취지로 말했다”

- put the heat on you: 압박하다, 몰아붙이다, 강하게 요구하다.

- Possum: Hansell’s friends가 부르던 호칭

 

keyed up

 

 

He[Hansell] was a slender, handsome man with a kind and thoughtfully expressive face.

- thoughtfully expressive face에서 ‘expressive’는 감정을 잘 드러내는, 표정이 풍부한이라는 의미로, thoughtfully expressive face는 ‘생각에 잠긴 듯하면서도 감정을 잘 드러내는 얼굴’ 정도.

 

 

Even more serious problems ensued. Japanese fighter-bombers from Iwo Jima, 680 miles north, began appearing, night and day, to destroy B-29s on the ground. Arnold found that intolerable. One December 19, he wrote, “I cannot understand Jap planes coming over in the daytime and apparently making several passes at the field during a period of 45 minutes with no mention whatsoever made of our own fighters even attempting to prevent such strafing. . . . Just what do your fighters do out there?” (130)

- with no mention whatsoever made of our own fighters: 언급이 없다 / 우리 전투기들에 의해 만들어진 게 무엇이든지 뭐가 있다는

- strafing: 기총소사 (일본군 전투기가 낮에도 B-29가 세워진 비행장을 왔다갔다 하며 기관총 사격을 퍼부은 것)

 

 

이제 기총소사하는 일본군 전투기들 문제 해결했음. 그런데 다른 문제가 또 발생. 그건 바로 B-29의 운용상 결함.]

 

당시 Hansell이 당면한 문제는 일본 영공의 바람 문제였음.

-       Hansell의 기조: daylight precision bombing.

-       그런데 일본 영공의 바람이 그걸 방해함. 유럽에서 잘 되었던 것만큼 잘 되지 않음. (나중에 밝혀지기로는, 제트기류 때문임)

 

 

He could explain this to Arnold, but he couldn’t make the man happy about it. Arnold wanted the targets destroyed and he would accept nothing less. (131)

 

[in a letter to Hansell, Arnold writes:] “It is regretted that their strength is not such so that we could have complete destruction of the plants rather than just partial destruction.”

- their strength is not such so that …: 그들의 전력이 …할 만큼 충분하지 않다

- 그래서 우리는 그 공장들을 완전히 파괴할 수 있었는데 / 그냥 부분적인 파괴 말고.

- such – that 구문인데, 그걸 부정한 형태. ‘-해서 …하다’의 부정형으로, ‘-하지 않아, …할 수 없다’이다. Could는 불가능을 말하는 표현으로 해석해야 함.

 

It is worthy of note that in the first draft of Arnold’s letter of December 27—a letter that that was not sent until the 30th—he had handwritten a postscript that was omitted from the final draft: “I am not satisfied with the ‘abortives’ [planes scheduled to go on a mission that for one reason or another have to drop out]. On that one day—21—is far too many. We must not and cannot let this continue. I want to hear from you about this with reasons.”

- 임무를 나가기로 했는데 어떤 이유로든 빠지게 된 abortives에 몹시 불만임: 출격의 ‘낙오율’

- 그 21일 하루에 대해서는 그런 것들이(abortives) 너무 많았고, 이제 이런 일 다시 반복되면 안되고, 나는 너에게 그 이유를 듣고 싶다.

 

Norstad reached Guam a week later on January 7 (January 6 in the States) and announced to Hansell immediately that he was to be relieved of command. LeMay arrived the next day and stepped into an embarrassing situation. When he was a group commander in the Eighth Air Force, he had served for a while under Hansell. Now he as replacing him. […] Norstad later said about the meeting, “Possum and myself . . . we see eye to eye. Were personal friends. We’ve cone done a lot of tough jobs together. And I’m the one that has to come out and tell Possum we’re not letting him keep the best job in the Air Force today—the command of the Twenty-first Bomber Command. […] LeMay is an operator, the rest of us are planners. That’s all there is to it. It’s tough and it’s right. And Possum is taking it the way Possum would.” (132)

 

*Hansell은, LeMay로 교체됨.

 

No one could have expected less from Hansell. (132)

- 어떤 누구도, Hansell에게서 더 적은 것을 기대할 수는 없었을 것이다 = Hansell이 보여준 성과, 행동은 놀랄 일은 아니다. 그의 역량이나 명성에 비추어 보면 당연한 수준이었다. = Hansell은 제 역할을 다 했다, 기대에 걸맞게 했다.

- couldn’t have expected less from X: X가 해낸 건 당연한 일이다 [관용표현]

 

 

“LeMay is coming here,” Hansell confided, “to take over the command. I’m out. I’m leaving for the States as soon as LeMay has had time to fly back to China, wind up his business there, and fly back here. That’s what Norstad came out to tell me.” (133)

- wind up one’s business: 자신의 일을 감다, 그러니까 일을 마무리하다, 정리하다, 끝내다

 

 

[Makelway] said, “Holy God, General, what is this all about?”

Hansell’s answer said as much about him as it did about LeMay: “I’m not entirely sure. I don’t think”—he emphasized the word—“that they are dissatisfied with the way I’ve been running thins. There is nothing to indicate that. Norstad brought the word personally from General Arnold, with the information that the boss wanted him to tell me the decision orally. I think what’s happened is that the boss has decided LeMay is the best man to go on with this from here on out. I think that’s really it. I think the boss considers LeMay as the big-time operator and me as the planner. There is no doubt whatever about LeMay’s ability to do the job, although I can’t be so hypocritical as to say I think he could do it better than I could do it. But LeMay is tops. He used to be a group commander in my division in the Eighth Air Force. I got him his promotion to brigadier general, and when he went up to major general, I was in a position, as deputy chief of staff of the Army Air Forces, to help that along. He may easily be the best combat commander today in the Army Air Forces for this particular job, all things considered, especially when you count in his combat experience with B-29s in China.” (133)

- LeMay is tops. “르메이는 최고다.”

- major general(LeMay), deputy chief of staff of the Army Air Forces(Hansell)

 

르메이는, 처음엔 brigadier general (준장, ★ 1개)으로 Hansell 밑에서 근무.

한셀은, 당시 deputy chief of staff of the Army Air Forces (육군 항공대 참모차장). 이 보직은 대개 major general (소장, ★ 2개) 이상이 맡음. 실제로 Hansell도 당시 major general.

LeMay가 소장(major general)일 때 Hansell도 소장이었지만, Hansell은 더 높은 참모직에 있으면서 인사에 영향력을 행사할 수 있었음. 이후 major general (소장, ★ 2개)으로 승진.

 

1월 19일, LeMay가 Hansell 자리 대체하는 과정에 있을 때, Hap Arnold는 4번째 심장 마비(heart attack) 겪음 –이것이 의미하는 바는 하나, “his growing lack of patience.”

 

 

 

The men of the Twenty-first, taking a look at LeMay for the first time, weren’t sure they liked what they saw. Part of his tough image lay in the fact that he looked tough. His piercing gaze, the defiant thrust of his jaw, and his skimpy rationing of smiles made him look like someone you wouldn’t want to fight n a bar, or even meet in the dark. (134)

- defiant thrust of his jaw: defiant는 ‘도전적인, 반항적인’이고 ‘thrust’는 앞으로 밀어내는 모양이니까, 내밀기 정도. 도전적으로 내민 턱.

- his skimpy rationing of smiles: skimpy는 아주 적은 것, 인색한을 뜻하고, ‘rationing’은 배급, 분배. 웃음을 아주 적게, 아주 인색하게 배급한 것.

 

“His looks,” MaKelway observed, “had not helped us take a jolly view of the future. […] He was a big, husky, healthy, rather stocky, full-faced, black-haired man, thirty-nine years old, from Columbus, Ohio. He apparently couldn’t make himself heard even in a small room except when you bent all your ears in his direction, and when you did he appeared to evade your attempt to hear him. […] He did this by interposing a cigar or pipe among the words which were trying to escape through teeth that had obviously been pried open only with effort, an effort with which the speaker had no real sympathy, and to which he was unwilling to lend more than halfhearted assistance.”

- stocky: 짧고 단단한 체형, 다부진, 건장한

- full-faced: 얼굴이 넓적한, 통통한 얼굴 (갸름한 얼굴의 반대 표현)

- 그는 분명 아주 작은 방에서도 자기 말을 들리게 할 수 없었다 / 그의 방향으로 귀를 가져다 대지 않으면 / 그리고 당신이 그러할 때에도 그는 당신이 듣고자 하는 시도를 피하려는 것처럼 보였다 (그렇게 조용히 말함)

- interpose: 끼워 넣다, 사이에 두다, 말 사이에 집어넣다 (말이 더 잘 안 들리게 담배를 자꾸 끼워 넣음)

- pry: (억지로) 비집어 열다, 지레로 들어올리다.